Education

Ecological validity in psychology refers to how well research results apply to real-world settings. Learn its definition, importance, examples, and how to improve it.

Investigator effects occur when a researcher’s behaviour or expectations influence participants. Discover how to control them using double-blind designs, standardisation, and randomisation.

Demand characteristics occur when participants guess a study’s purpose and change their behaviour. Learn what they are, examples, and how psychologists control them.

Extraneous and confounding variables can distort results in psychological research. Learn their types, examples, and how to control them for reliable, valid experiments.

Standardisation in psychology ensures every participant experiences the same procedures, instructions, and conditions — making experiments fair, reliable, and valid. This guide explains what standardisation means, the four main types, and why it’s essential in A-level Psychology research methods, with clear examples and exam-style answers.

Understanding experimental designs in psychology helps researchers and students test ideas scientifically. This guide explains the four main designs — independent, repeated measures, matched pairs, and quasi — with examples, strengths, and weaknesses. Perfect for A-level revision or anyone learning how psychologists structure their experiments.

Find everything you need to know about UCAS Clearing 2025 – from when you can apply and how it works, to tips for top universities and medicine courses.

A Level Results Day 2025 is on Thursday 14 August. Discover the exact time results are released, Clearing advice, Cambridge dates, freebies, and next steps after results.

Looking for the best Psychology summer school for Year 12 students in 2025? Discover how A-level students can boost their writing, application, and exam technique this summer — including what to look for in an online course and why Tuition Lab Psychology could be the right fit for you.