The influence of attachment (Attachment Model Answers) (Paper 1 Model Answers)

by Yum Yum Mama Team June 5, 2023

Discuss research into the influence of early attachment on adult relationships.

(Total 8 marks)

Model Answer

Research into the influence of early attachment on adult relationships has provided valuable insights into the long-term effects of early attachment experiences. According to Bowlby's theory, early attachment experiences form internal working models (IWMs) that shape individuals' expectations and behaviours in future relationships. These IWMs serve as templates that guide individuals' perceptions, interpretations, and interactions with romantic partners.

One study supporting the link between early attachment and adult relationships is Hazan and Shaver's "Love Quiz" study. They found that individuals who reported secure attachments in childhood were more likely to have secure and satisfying adult relationships. This study provides empirical evidence for the continuity of attachment patterns from infancy to adulthood.

However, it is important to consider other studies that have questioned or refuted this relationship. For instance, Schaffer and Emerson's research on infants' multiple attachments found that some infants formed strong attachments to individuals other than their primary caregiver. This challenges the assumption that the primary caregiver is solely responsible for shaping attachment patterns.

One issue that arises in the discussion of early attachment is determinism, as it implies that early attachment experiences solely determine individuals' adult relationships, neglecting the potential for change and development. Additionally, assuming a direct cause-and-effect relationship between early attachment and adult relationships can overlook the influence of other factors, such as individual personality traits or environmental influences.

It is also crucial to recognise the complexity of human relationships and the potential for multiple influences. The relationship between early attachment and adult relationships is likely to be bidirectional and interactive, with ongoing interactions and experiences shaping attachment patterns throughout the lifespan. Furthermore, individual differences and other contextual factors, such as cultural norms or life experiences, can significantly impact adult relationship outcomes. Therefore, while early attachment experiences undoubtedly play a role in shaping adult relationships, it is essential to consider the limitations of determinism and the multifaceted nature of human relationships. Incorporating a broader range of factors and perspectives can provide a more comprehensive understanding of the influence of early attachment on adult relationships.