Outline Asch’s findings in relation to two variables affecting conformity. Briefly explain two limitations of Asch’s conformity research. (Total 8 marks)

Model Answer:

Asch found that group size influenced conformity, with conformity rates increasing up to three confederates but levelling off thereafter. Unanimity was another key factor, as adding a dissenting confederate reduced conformity to 5.5% when they gave the correct answer or 9% when they gave a different wrong answer. Task difficulty also affected conformity; when the task was made harder by using similar line lengths, conformity increased as participants relied on informational social influence. These findings highlight how situational factors can significantly impact conformity levels.

One limitation of Asch’s research is its artificial setting. (Point) The line judgment task lacks ecological validity because it does not reflect real-life scenarios where conformity occurs. (Why) This reduces the generalisability of the findings, as behaviour in artificial settings may not accurately represent behaviour in natural environments.

Another limitation is the cultural bias in Asch’s research. (Point) His sample consisted of American male undergraduates, which may not reflect conformity behaviours in other cultures or among women. (Why) This limits the applicability of the findings, as cultural norms and gender differences can influence conformity rates.