Outline and evaluate locus of control as an explanation for resistance to social influence. (Total 8 marks)

Model Answer

Locus of control refers to the extent to which individuals believe they control events in their lives. People with an internal locus of control believe they are responsible for their actions and are more likely to resist social influence. In contrast, people with an external locus of control attribute outcomes to external factors, such as luck or fate, making them more likely to conform or obey.

One strength is the supporting research evidence. (Point) Oliner and Oliner found that individuals who helped Jews during the Holocaust were more likely to have an internal locus of control. (Because) This suggests that a sense of personal responsibility increases resistance to authority. (Why) However, locus of control alone may not fully explain resistance. (Counterargument) Situational factors, such as the presence of social support, also play a significant role.

A weakness is that locus of control may not explain resistance in all contexts. (Point) Some people with an internal locus of control may still conform or obey under strong social pressure. (Because) This suggests that other factors, such as moral reasoning or proximity to authority, influence resistance. (Why) However, locus of control remains valuable for understanding individual differences. (Counterargument)