Discuss one or more explanations of why people resist the pressure to conform. (Total 8 marks)

Model Answer

One explanation for resisting the pressure to conform is social support. The presence of another person who does not conform reduces the pressure to follow group norms, as it provides confidence that resistance is possible. Asch’s variation demonstrated this, where conformity rates dropped to 5.5% when a dissenter was present.

Another explanation is locus of control. People with an internal locus of control believe they are responsible for their own behaviour and are less likely to be influenced by group pressure. Rotter suggested that individuals with an internal locus are more confident and self-reliant, which helps them resist conformity.

One strength of social support is its empirical support. (Point) In Asch’s study, the presence of a dissenting confederate reduced conformity significantly. (Because) This demonstrates that having social support provides individuals with confidence to resist group pressure. (Why) However, the artificial nature of Asch’s study limits its ecological validity. (Counterargument) Real-life conformity involves more complex social dynamics, which may not be captured in a laboratory setting.

A limitation of locus of control is that it does not account for situational factors. (Point) For example, high pressure or unanimous groups may still lead individuals with an internal locus to conform. (Because) This suggests that situational influences can sometimes override dispositional traits. (Why) However, research like Oliner and Oliner supports the role of internal locus in resistance, demonstrating its value. (Counterargument)