Describe two ethical issues that can be illustrated by Milgram’s research into obedience to authority. (Total 4 marks)

Model Answer

One ethical issue is deception, as participants were misled about the true nature of the study and believed they were administering real shocks. This prevented informed consent, which is a key ethical guideline.

Another issue is protection from harm, as participants experienced significant stress during the study, with some showing signs of extreme tension. This highlights the need for researchers to ensure participants’ psychological well-being during experiments.